Introduction Introduction - Overview of Python and its features Introduction - Installing Python and setting up the environment Introduction - Writing and running your first Python program Comments Comments - Single-line and multi-line comments Comments - Documentation strings (docstrings)

Variables Variables - Naming rules, dynamic typing, and variable scope Data Types Data Types - Primitive and non-primitive data types Data Types - Type checking and conversion Type Casting Type Casting - Implicit and explicit conversions using int(), float(), str()

Strings Strings - String creation, slicing, formatting, and useful string methods Booleans Booleans - Boolean expressions and logical evaluation Numbers Numbers - Integer, float, and complex number operations Numbers - Built-in numeric functions (round(), abs(), pow()) Constants Constants - Convention and immutability in Python

Output Output - Using print() with formatting and f-strings User Input User Input - Using input() and type conversion User Input - Validating user input

Introduction to Operators Operators - Operator precedence and associativity Arithmetic Operators Assignment Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Identity Operators Identity Operators - Identity operators (is, is not) Membership Operators Membership Operators - Membership operators (in, not in) Bitwise Operators - Working with binary operators (&, |, ^, <<, >>)

Introduction to Control Flow If Statement If-Else Statement Elif Statement Nested Conditions Conditional Expressions (Ternary Operator)

Introduction to Loops For Loop For Loop - Iterating through sequences, ranges, and strings While Loop While Loop - Condition-controlled loops Break and Continue Break and Continue - Loop control statements Nested Loops Loop Else Clause (Python-specific)

Lists Lists - Creating, modifying, slicing, and common list methods Lists - List comprehensions Tuples Tuples - Immutable sequences and unpacking Sets Sets - Creating sets, set operations (union, intersection, difference) Dictionaries Dictionaries - Key-value pairs, methods, and dictionary comprehensions

Introduction to Functions Functions - Defining and calling functions Functions - Return statements and scope Parameters Parameters - Default, keyword, and variable-length arguments (*args, **kwargs) Lambda Functions Lambda Functions - Anonymous functions and short expressions Recursion Recursion - Recursive function calls and base cases Decorators Decorators - Function decorators and @ syntax Generators Generators - Using yield for memory-efficient iteration

Classes and Objects Classes and Objects - Defining classes, creating objects, and using attributes/methods Constructors and Destructors Constructors and Destructors - __init__() and __del__() methods Inheritance Inheritance - Single and multiple inheritance Inheritance - The super() function Polymorphism Polymorphism - Method overriding and duck typing Encapsulation Encapsulation - Private and protected members using naming conventions Abstraction Abstraction - Abstract classes and abc module

Modules Modules - Creating, importing, and using modules Modules - The __name__ == '__main__' idiom Packages Packages - Creating and managing packages with __init__.py File Handling File Handling - Reading and writing files (open(), with statements) File Handling - Working with CSV and JSON files Exception Handling Exception Handling - try, except, else, finally Exception Handling - Raising custom exceptions Regular Expressions Regular Expressions - Using the re module for pattern matching Date and Time Date and Time - Working with datetime and time modules Virtual Environments Virtual Environments - Using venv and pip for dependency management